Protecting National Security: China’s New Rare Earth Regulations and the EU’s Localization Goals

The Chinese government has recently announced new regulations aimed at protecting rare earth supplies for national security purposes. These regulations will cover the mining, smelting, and trading of rare earths, which are essential elements used in a wide range of products. China considers rare earths to be state-owned resources and aims to oversee the industry’s development as it is currently the world’s largest producer, accounting for nearly 90% of global supply.

In response to the increasing demand for rare earths, the European Union has set a target to localize production of these materials by 2030. To achieve this goal, China’s new regulations, effective October 1, include the establishment of a rare earth information tracking system. Enterprises involved in the exploitation, smelting, separation, and export of rare earths are required to record their activities and input information into the national system.

China has already restricted exports of certain rare earth elements and technology related to them to protect its national security and interests. These actions have raised concerns about potential tensions with the West, particularly the United States, which has accused China of using its economy to exert influence. However, these concerns may be eased as China continues to tighten its management of rare earth resources.

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